The Public Archive

The Catalogue of Errors Ltd is using large language models to perform an audit of the existing literature. It is inspired by Socrates' original injunction to know what we do not know, as well as Karl Popper's definition of the scientific method as "the search for and the elimination of errors in the service of truth."

The reports produced by "Reviewer 2"—our automated assessment system—examine the existing literature for potential issues relating to research design, execution, and interpretation. They are produced by large language models, and read by a human editor on behalf of The Catalogue of Errors Ltd. However, their contents should be verified by a qualified expert. Any errors in the reports can be described in the private comments, and they will be checked and corrected if necessary in a revised version.

You can also nominate a text to add to the public archive.

And please consider making a donation to help us maintain and expand it.

You can also subscribe to our occasional newsletter, in which we describe the highlights of what Reviewer 2 and its human research assistants have recently found.

Pengl et al. (2026) "The Train Wrecks of Modernization: Railway Construction and Separatist Mobilization in Europe" Kates et al. (2026) "Plutopopulism: Wealth and Trump's Financial Base" Byun and Kwon (2026) "Black Troops, White Rage, and Political Violence in the Postbellum American South" Hsiao (2026) "Coordination and Commitment in International Climate Action: Evidence From Palm Oil" Almeida et al. (2022) "Creatine Supplementation Improves Physical Performance, Without Negative Effects on Health Markers, in Young Weightlifters" Kazeminasab et al. (2025) "The Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Upper- and Lower-Body Strength and Power: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Park et al. (2025) "Comparative Performance Evaluation of Large Language Models for Extracting Molecular Interactions and Pathway Knowledge" Chinoy et al. (2026) "Zero-Sum Thinking and the Roots of US Political Differences" Uzan-Yulzari et al. (2021) "Neonatal antibiotic exposure impairs child growth during the first six years of life by perturbing intestinal microbial colonization" Duong et al. (2022) "Antibiotic Exposure and Adverse Long-Term Health Outcomes in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Pärnänen et al. (2018) "Maternal Gut and Breast Milk Microbiota Affect Infant Gut Antibiotic Resistome and Mobile Genetic Elements" Dumbrava et al. (2026) "Phase 1 Study of Rezatapopt, a p53 Reactivator, in TP53 Y220C–Mutated Tumors" Anderson (2014) "Subways, Strikes, and Slowdowns: The Impacts of Public Transit on Traffic Congestion" Bavishi et al. (2016) "A Chapter a Day: Association of Book Reading with Longevity" Gray-Lobe et al. (2023) "The Long-Term Effects of Universal Preschool in Boston" Gonzalez-Gomez et al. (2026) "Randomized Controlled Trial of Resistance Exercise and Brain Aging Clocks" Thakkar et al. (2026) "A Large-Scale Randomized Study of Large Language Model Feedback in Peer Review" Rodríguez-Clare et al. (2026) "Trade with Nominal Rigidities: Understanding the Unemployment and Welfare Effects of the China Shock" Gorry et al. (2017) "The response of deferred executive compensation to changes in tax rates" Testa and Williams (2025) "Political Foundations of Racial Violence in the Post-Reconstruction South" Armstrong et al. (2025) "Antibiotic prophylaxis for childbirth-related perineal trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis" Knight et al. (2019) "Prophylactic Antibiotics in the Prevention of Infection After Operative Vaginal Delivery (ANODE): A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial" Perslev et al. (2025) "Risk of infection and wound dehiscence after use of prophylactic antibiotics in episiotomy or second degree tear (REPAIR study): single centre, double blind, placebo controlled randomised trial" Alesina et al. (2023) "Immigration and Redistribution" Min et al. (2021) "Perovskite Solar Cells with Atomically Coherent Interlayers on SnO2 Electrodes" Zhang et al. (2026) "Coffee and Tea Intake, Dementia Risk, and Cognitive Function" Taniguchi et al. (2023) "Protective Effects of Dog Ownership Against the Onset of Disabling Dementia in Older Community-Dwelling Japanese: A Longitudinal Study" Bharti et al. (2026) "Human Capital, Unequal Opportunities and Productivity Convergence: A Global Historical Perspective, $1800–2100$" Gianni et al. (2026) "A Small Polymerase Ribozyme That Can Synthesize Itself and Its Complementary Strand" Weeks et al. (2023) "When Do Männerparteien Elect Women? Radical Right Populist Parties and Strategic Descriptive Representation" Angrist et al. (2021) "Measuring Human Capital Using Global Learning Data" Clark and Nielsen (2026) "The Returns to Education: A Meta-Study" Gethin (2025) "Distributional Growth Accounting: Education and the Reduction of Global Poverty, 1980–2019" Young and Hsiang (2024) "Mortality Caused by Tropical Cyclones in the United States" Gordji-Nejad et al. (2024) "Single Dose Creatine Improves Cognitive Performance and Induces Changes in Cerebral High Energy Phosphates During Sleep Deprivation" Lane et al. (2024) "Ultra-processed Food Exposure and Adverse Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review of Epidemiological Meta-analyses" Sullivan and Hickel (2023) "Capitalism and Extreme Poverty: A Global Analysis of Real Wages, Human Height, and Mortality Since the Long 16th Century" Verho et al. (2022) "Removing Welfare Traps: Employment Responses in the Finnish Basic Income Experiment" West and Castro (2023) "Impact of Guaranteed Income on Health, Finances, and Agency: Findings from the Stockton Randomized Controlled Trial" Colmer et al. (2025) "Does Pricing Carbon Mitigate Climate Change? Firm-Level Evidence from the European Union Emissions Trading System" Boning et al. (2025) "A Welfare Analysis of Tax Audits Across the Income Distribution" Ager et al. (2026) "Gender-Biased Technological Change: Milking Machines and the Exodus of Women from Farming" Akyel et al. (2025) "The Impact of Circadian Rhythm Disruption on Oxaliplatin Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics in Cry$1^{-/-}Cry2^{-/-}$ Mice Under Constant Darkness" Williams et al. (2020) "Hate in the Machine: Anti-Black and Anti-Muslim Social Media Posts as Predictors of Offline Racially and Religiously Aggravated Crime" Twenge et al. (2022) "Specification Curve Analysis Shows that Social Media Use is Linked to Poor Mental Health, Especially Among Girls" Carletti et al. (2025) "Multimodal AI Correlates of Glucose Spikes in People with Normal Glucose Regulation, Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes" Veller et al. (2019) "A Rigorous Measure of Genome-Wide Genetic Shuffling That Takes into Account Crossover Positions and Mendel's Second Law" Rand et al. (2012) "Spontaneous Giving and Calculated Greed" Hilbe et al. (2018) "Indirect Reciprocity with Private, Noisy, and Incomplete Information" McAvoy et al. (2020) "Social Goods Dilemmas in Heterogeneous Societies"